In this edition, various new chapters are added along with recent advancements which gives an insight to the concepts of present era. Presentation of the book is simple and comprehensive which allows the students to understand easily and to develop the interest. This current edition is updated with the addition of questions from various university examinations of year 2020, 2021 and 2022. It is written in simple and lucid language. Provides broad coverage of all the subjects present in BDS IVth year.